I recently found this postcard from the South Australian Museum: -
It features the Aurora at the Cape Denison anchorage. Those ice formations in the foreground were apparently “formed by the accumulation of wind-blown spray”. The photo itself was apparently taken by Frank Hurley circa 1913.
None of this meant much to me when I came across the postcard, but I decided that it was worthy of further investigation. I now see that the barquentine Aurora is linked to Sir Douglas Mawson.
I hadn’t realised until now that Sir Douglas Mawson was born not very far from my own birthplace in Yorkshire, England, but he retired not long after I was born. He died in 1958, and he is buried in St Jude’s Cemetery at Brighton in South Australia.
His grave, with no headstone, is shown in the centre of the photo. The rock in the foreground is a plaque dedicated to him.
Here is a close-up of the plaque: -
But back to the Aurora - it turns out that it is the steam yacht SY Aurora, the ship that Mawson sailed in to Antarctica in December 1911, 40 years before I was born. It is also the same ship that sailed away from Antarctica before Mawson could get back to it in 1913.
The Aurora is believed to have been sunk during WWI. According to Wikipedia, the steam yacht SY “Aurora was last seen in 1917, when it departed Newcastle, New South Wales, bound for Iquique, Chile with a cargo of coal. Lloyd's of London posted the ship as missing on 2 January 1918; it was believed it was a casualty of World War I, possibly being sunk by a mine laid by the German merchant raider Wolf. One of Aurora's lifebelts was recovered from the Tasman Sea between Sydney and Brisbane six months after its disappearance.”
Wikipedia gives the following details for the Aurora: -
Builder Alexander Stephen & Sons Ltd. Dundee, Scotland
Launched 1876
Fate Declared lost by Lloyd's of London, 2 January 1918
General characteristics
Class and type Steam yacht
Tonnage 580 grt; 380 nrt[1]
Length 165 ft (50 m)
Beam 30.5 ft (9.3 m)
Draught 18.75 ft (5.72 m)
Propulsion Compound Steam Engine
Cunliffe and Dunlop of Glasgow
98 bhp
Sail plan Barquentine
Details of measurements for the (iron ship) Aurora given in Jack Loney's book titled "Australian Sea Mysteries" (2nd edition) differ slightly from the above:
Tonnage 580 tons (580 grt; 380 nrt[1])
Length 165.2 ft (165 ft (50 m))
Beam 30.6 ft (30.5 ft (9.3 m))
Draught 18.9 ft (18.75 ft (5.72 m))
The only other details given in "Australian Sea Mysteries" are confirmation that the Aurora was an iron ship built in 1876, and that the ship's master, Captain JK (John King) Davis "sought for the (Royal Company Islands) in the Aurora and came to the conclusion that they did not exist". The 'legendary' Royal Company Islands were thought to be "somewhere in the stormy Antarctic seas, about 800 miles south of the Great Australian Bight".
They were reportedly sighted in 1777 by a Spanish ship owned by the Royal Company. Different expeditions have since searched for the islands without success.
Details of this wooden, ketch-rigged steamship called the Douglas Mawson, built in NSW in 1914, are included in "Australian Sea Mysteries": -
(Source: "Australian Sea Mysteries" (2nd edition) by Jack Loney)
(It looks like this vessel was lost in the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1924. This will have to be the subject of a separate blog.)
The South Australian Museum booklet "In the Footsteps of Sir Douglas Mawson" by Anne Langsford and Mark Pharaoh includes these two images of the Aurora: -
(Source: Mawson Antarctic Collection and the South Australian Museum booklet "In the Footsteps of Sir Douglas Mawson" by Anne Langsford and Mark Pharaoh)
(Source: Mawson Antarctic Collection and the South Australian Museum booklet "In the Footsteps of Sir Douglas Mawson" by Anne Langsford and Mark Pharaoh)
The only other details given in "In the Footsteps of Sir Douglas Mawson" about the Aurora are that "In December 1911 the ship Aurora under Captain Davis, second in command to the expedition, sailed from Hobart. On board were a team of carefully chosen men, thousands of packages of supplies, and 49 Greenland (sledging) dogs).
It turns out that I have kept this photo of the Aurora from The Advertiser since 1996: -
There is a bust of "Professor Sir Douglas Mawson" sculpted by John Dowie AM located outside Elder Hall: -
Wikipedia says “SY Aurora was a 580-ton barque-rigged steam yacht built by Alexander Stephen and Sons Ltd. in Dundee, Scotland, in 1876, for the Dundee Seal and Whale Fishing Company. It was 165 feet (50 m) long with a 30-foot (9.1 m) beam. The hull was made of oak, sheathed with greenheart and lined with fir. The bow was a mass of solid wood reinforced with steel-plate armour. The heavy side frames were braced by two levels of horizontal oak beams. Its primary use was whaling in the northern seas, and it was built sturdily enough to withstand the heavy weather and ice that would be encountered there. That strength proved useful for Antarctic exploration as well and between 1911 and 1917 it made five trips to the continent, for both exploration and rescue missions.” “
“Whaling - Between the years 1876 and 1910, Aurora made the annual trip from Dundee, Scotland to St. John's, Newfoundland to take part in the whale and seal hunt in the North Atlantic. There were a couple of notable events in this time. In 1884, along with other whalers in the area Aurora made an attempt to rescue the controversial Greely Expedition, and its captain, James Fairweather assisted with a repair to the US relief ship Bear. In 1891, the ship came to the rescue of the crew of Polynia when it was crushed in sea ice.”
“Australasian Antarctic Expedition - In 1910, it was bought by Douglas Mawson's deputy, Captain John King Davis, for £6,000 for his Australasian Antarctic Expedition. On 2 December 1911 Aurora departed from Hobart, Australia for Macquarie Island, where a radio relay station was established. It left the island on 25 December, arriving at Cape Denison on 8 January 1912, where the main base was built. It departed on 19 January, heading west to find a location for the western base, which was eventually sited in what is now known as Queen Mary Land, on 1 February 1912. After the western party was established on the stable ice shelf, Aurora left on 20 February, arriving in Hobart on 12 March.”
“In December 1912, Aurora returned to Cape Denison to find that the sledging expedition of Mawson, Xavier Mertz, and Belgrave Edward Sutton Ninnis was overdue. Davis had to pick up the party at the western base and risked the ship being iced in over the winter if he left it too long. He waited until 8 February but just after leaving, he received a wireless message asking him to turn back as Mawson had reached the base. He turned Aurora around but severe weather prevented the landing boat being put ashore, so, on the evening of 9 February, Davis decided he must steam west to fetch the western base party. Aurora reached the western base on 23 February, loaded quickly and headed north, arriving in Hobart on 15 March.”
“Over the subsequent months, Davis raised extensive rescue funds, and had Aurora refitted. Departing from Hobart on 15 November 1913, Aurora collected the radio relay party under George Ainsworth at Macquarie Island, and sailed on to pick up the relief party at Cape Denison. It arrived in Commonwealth Bay on 3 December 1913 and left on 25 December. After an extensive coastal exploration and oceanographic work, it arrived back in Australia at Port Adelaide on 26 February 1914.”
“Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition - In 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton tasked Aurora to help set up supply depots along the route for his Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. After being delayed by sea ice in McMurdo Sound in January 1915, Aurora managed to make its way further south, and sent teams off to set up the depots. It eventually made its way to Discovery Bay on 12 March 1915, where it anchored and continued to offload supplies. In May, Aurora was trapped in the ice, and was carried out to the sea, stranding the men that were setting up the depots. It remained trapped in the ice for the better part of a year, drifting some 1600 nautical miles. It was not until 12 February 1916 that the ship escaped from the ice, making it back to Dunedin, New Zealand on 3 April.”
“1917 Ross Sea Party rescue - The Australian, New Zealand and British governments agreed to fund the refit of Aurora for the rescue of the Ross Sea Party. An Advisory Committee was established in Melbourne, consisting of Rear Admiral Sir William Cresswell, Professor Sir Orme Masson, Captain J.R. Barter, Commander John Stevenson and Dr Griffith Taylor.”
“Shackleton's expedition funds were fully expended. After his legendary ordeal on Endurance in the Weddell Sea sector, Shackleton arrived in New Zealand during December 1916. The three governments involved were adamant that he would not lead the rescue expedition and at their insistence John King Davis was appointed to captain Aurora. After negotiation Shackleton sailed aboard Aurora, but Captain Davis had total authority on the voyage. On 10 January 1917, the ship pulled alongside the pack ice near Cape Royds and worked its way to Cape Evans. One week later, the seven survivors of the original ten members of the Ross Sea Party were headed back to Wellington, New Zealand aboard Aurora.”
“Fate - Aurora was last seen in 1917, when it departed Newcastle, New South Wales, bound for Iquique, Chile with a cargo of coal. Lloyd's of London posted the ship as missing on 2 January 1918; it was believed it was a casualty of World War I, possibly being sunk by a mine laid by the German merchant raider Wolf. One of Aurora's lifebelts was recovered from the Tasman Sea between Sydney and Brisbane six months after its disappearance.”
“Message on a bottle - In 1927, a G. Bressington was walking along the beach near Tuggerah, New South Wales and noticed an old wine bottle partly buried in the sand. Upon examining the bottle he saw an engraving of the picture of a ship and on the other side the following message: "Midwinter's Day, 1912, Shackleton Glacier, Antarctica. 'Frank Wild, A. L. Kennedy, S. Evan Jones, C. Arch. Hoadley, Charles T. Harrisson, George Dovers, A. L. Watson and Morton H. Moyes". “
“The story of the bottle is that it was one of three given to Sir Douglas Mawson when his expedition left England in 1911. The bottles were given by Mr J. T. Buchanan who had them left over from the Challenger expedition and wished the party to drink them on Explorer Day. Mawson passed one bottle on to Frank Wild, who led the Western Base Party whilst Aurora was under the command of John King Davis. When the wine was drunk on the day, the party's artist Harrisson engraved a picture of Aurora on one side and the names of the party on the other. It is thought the bottle was still aboard Aurora when it left Newcastle in 1917.”
(Photo taken by Frank Hurley, plate glass negative, State Library of New South Wales, ON 144/H485)
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SY_Aurora#/media/File:Aurora_anchored_to_floe-ice_off_the_West_Base.jpg )
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